Types of inserts used in composite materials laminates

Inserts enhance sandwich panel strength and stiffness, distributing localized loads via materials like metals and contributing differently across tension, compression, shear, bending, and torsion. Four insert types exist for varying load conditions.

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Which type of bonded joints exists in composite materials?

Bonded joints are lightweight with better stress distribution but are irreversible, sensitive to temperature and humidity, and need excellent surface preparation. Multiple types are designed for specific loads, and failure can occur in adhesive or material. Proper surface prep and laminate orientation are critical.

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